Refresher Courses

Refresher courses of traditional birth attendants.

Refresher courses for traditional birth attendants both trained and untrained were organised at the District Headquarters Hospital, Faisalabad in 178. Similar training was arranged in the rural areas in 1979. Care of the pregnant woman and the child, registration of the births and family planning advice were included in the demonstrations. The results of these short courses were found to be enc...

Refresher Course

In the last decade there have been significant changes in the practice of regional anesthesia with a shift from landmark-based nerve block techniques to image-guided ones. Traditional landmark-based techniques of nerve blockade relied mainly on our knowledge of surface anatomy to decide on a needle entry site at the skin. This was followed by elicitation of either a paresthesia (usually using s...

Probability theory refresher

We are all familiar with the phrase “the probability that a coin will land heads is 0.5”. But what does this mean? There are actually two different interpretations of probability. One is called the frequentist interpretation of probability. In this view, probabilities represent long run frequencies of events. For example, the above statement means that, if we flip the coin many times, we expect...

CT Simulation Refresher Course

Discrete Probability Refresher

Probability theory plays a central role in information theory. Information sources and communications channels are modelled probabilistically, and the key measures of information theory (like entropy and channel capacity) are defined in terms of the underlying random variables. The student of information theory is expected to have some familiarity with probability and the theory of random varia...